If you read a peer-reviewed article, you will notice a lot of references at the end of the article. These citations allow the authors to give credit to the other scholars whose information they have used. Failure to cite the sources used is one type of plagiarism.
Freedman, D. A., Flocke, S., Shon, E. J., Matlack, K., Trapl, E., Ohri-Vachaspati, P., Osborne, A., & Borawski, E. (2017). Farmers’ market use patterns among Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program recipients with high access to farmers’ markets. Journal of Nutrition Education & Behavior, 49(5), 397–404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2017.01.007
Author(s)
Freedman, D. A., Flocke, S., Shon, E. J., Matlack, K., Trapl, E., Ohri-Vachaspati, P., Osborne, A., & Borawski, E. (2017). Farmers’ market use patterns among Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program recipients with high access to farmers’ markets. Journal of Nutrition Education & Behavior, 49(5), 397–404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2017.01.007
Peer-reviewed journal articles often have several authors. Most citation styles in the sciences require giving the complete surnames for each author but only the first and (when given) middle initials.
Year of Publication
Freedman, D. A., Flocke, S., Shon, E. J., Matlack, K., Trapl, E., Ohri-Vachaspati, P., Osborne, A., & Borawski, E. (2017). Farmers’ market use patterns among Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program recipients with high access to farmers’ markets. Journal of Nutrition Education & Behavior, 49(5), 397–404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2017.01.007
Article Title
Freedman, D. A., Flocke, S., Shon, E. J., Matlack, K., Trapl, E., Ohri-Vachaspati, P., Osborne, A., & Borawski, E. (2017). Farmers’ market use patterns among Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program recipients with high access to farmers’ markets. Journal of Nutrition Education & Behavior, 49(5), 397–404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2017.01.007
Journal Title
Freedman, D. A., Flocke, S., Shon, E. J., Matlack, K., Trapl, E., Ohri-Vachaspati, P., Osborne, A., & Borawski, E. (2017). Farmers’ market use patterns among Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program recipients with high access to farmers’ markets. Journal of Nutrition Education & Behavior, 49(5), 397–404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2017.01.007
Volume and Issue
Freedman, D. A., Flocke, S., Shon, E. J., Matlack, K., Trapl, E., Ohri-Vachaspati, P., Osborne, A., & Borawski, E. (2017). Farmers’ market use patterns among Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program recipients with high access to farmers’ markets. Journal of Nutrition Education & Behavior, 49(5), 397–404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2017.01.007
A journal issue is a collection of articles that are published in the journal at the same time. Most journals publish a certain number of issues a year, usually four, six, or twelve. A year's worth of issues make up one volume (though some journals have more than one volumes a year).
Pages
Freedman, D. A., Flocke, S., Shon, E. J., Matlack, K., Trapl, E., Ohri-Vachaspati, P., Osborne, A., & Borawski, E. (2017). Farmers’ market use patterns among Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program recipients with high access to farmers’ markets. Journal of Nutrition Education & Behavior, 49(5), 397–404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2017.01.007
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
Freedman, D. A., Flocke, S., Shon, E. J., Matlack, K., Trapl, E., Ohri-Vachaspati, P., Osborne, A., & Borawski, E. (2017). Farmers’ market use patterns among Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program recipients with high access to farmers’ markets. Journal of Nutrition Education & Behavior, 49(5), 397–404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2017.01.007
Articles without Page Numbers
Some journals are what are known as "open access" journals. It is often the case that issues for these journals do not contain page number, but instead each article is given an article number. The following is an example of this. Click on the link and then look at the PDF. There are page numbers at the bottom, but the pages are not numbered sequentially throughout the journal issue.
Stampa, E., Schipmann-Schwarze, C., & Hamm, U. (2020). Consumer perceptions, preferences, and behavior regarding pasture-raised livestock products: A review. Food Quality & Preference, 82, Article 103872. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2020.103872
APA style (and many others) require that each citation in the reference list have a hanging indent, as show below.
Here is how you can get a hanging indent when typing in Word: